Aarkstore Enterprise – Innovations in Oral Solid Drug Delivery: -Aarkstore Enterprise Market Research

Innovations in Oral Solid Drug Delivery: Advances in nanotechnology, controlled formulations & peptide delivery

Table of Contents :  

Innovations in oral solid drug delivery
Executive summary 18
Market overview, dynamics and outlook 18
Advances in nanotechnology 19
Innovations in transitioning injectables to oral delivery 20
Advances in delayed & controlled release delivery 21
Advances in oral prodrug delivery 22
Advances in taste masking technologies 23
Innovative companies 24
Chapter 1 Market overview, dynamics and outlook 28
Summary 28
Market overview 29
Market dynamics 31
Key indications 33
Key trends 38
Nanomedicine 38
Transitioning from injectables 39
Prodrugs 40
Chrono release 41
ODT 41
OSF 42
Funding issues 42
Poor patient compliance 42
Injections 42
Poor absorbption 42
Pediatric 43
Geriatric 43
Solubility and variable absorption 43
Reduction of side effect profiles 44
Non-invasive protein delivery 45
Transition from injectables to preferred route of oral drug delivery 45
Directed delivery and delayed delivery to reduce side effect potential 46
Formulation technologies for poorly soluble compounds 46
Taste masking for pediatric and geriatric formulations 47
Competitive landscape 48
Conclusions and key findings 50
Chapter 2 Advances in nanotechnology 56
Summary 56
Introduction 57
Nanotechnology platforms with application for oral drug delivery 59
Self-Emulsifying Controlled Release Tablet system (SECRET) 59
Technology 59
Application 59
Biotransport nanomedicine technology 60
Technology 60
Application 60
Nanobodies 61
Technology 61
Application 61
NanoDel nanoparticles 62
Technology 62
Application 62
P-gpMask 63
Technology 63
Application 64
NanoDRY and NanoCOAT 64
Technology 64
Application 64
Solumer 67
Technology 67
Application 67
Nanocells 69
Technology 69
Application 70
Polymeric Nano-Delivery System (PNDS) 70
Technology 70
Application 71
FluidCrystal NP Oral nanoparticles 71
Technology 71
Application 72
CaP Technology and BioOral 72
Technology 72
Application 73
Nab Technology and Protospheres 73
Technology 73
Application 73
NanoCrystal Technology 74
Technology 74
Application 74
Bioral 75
Technology 75
Application 75
Squalenoyl nanoparticles 76
NanoMega 76
NOD Pharmaceutical 76
Chapter 3 Innovations in transitioning injectables to oral delivery 80
Summary 80
Introduction 81
Drivers 81
Patient acceptability & compliance 81
Cost savings 81
Restraints 82
Advances in injectable delivery 82
Challenges of oral drug delivery 83
Technologies used in oral drug delivery of peptides and proteins 84
Enzyme inhibitors 84
Permeation enhancers 85
Mucoadhesives 85
Encapsulation technologies 85
M-cell targeting 86
Competitive landscape 86
Osteoporosis and other bone related conditions 88
Calcitonin 88
Current therapies & market landscape 89
Oral products in development 91
Parathyroid hormone 94
Current therapies & market landscape 94
Oral products in development 96
Combined oral calcitonin and PTH approaches 97
Bisphosphonates 97
Current therapies & market landscape 97
Novel oral products in development 99
Diabetes and other metabolic diseases 104
Oral insulin 104
Oramed Pharmaceuticals 104
Biocon Ltd 105
Emisphere Technologies 105
Diabetology 106
NOD Pharmaceuticals 106
Access Pharmaceuticals 107
NanoMega Medical Corporation 107
Biodel Inc 108
Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Ltd 108
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1 analogs 108
Oral GLP-1 & GLP-1 analogs 110
Obesity 114
Alzheimer’s and other CNS conditions 115
Oligotropin 115
Endometriosis and prostate cancer 115
Leuprolide 115
Cardiovascular 116
Angiotensin analogs 116
Innovative approaches to oral vaccine development 118
Mucosis B.V. 119
Plug-and-Play Technology 119
GEM Particles 119
Mimopath 119
Ondek Pty Ltd 120
Helicobacter pylori Platform Technology (HPPT) 120
Infexion 121
Kancer 121
Immune Solutions 121
Liporale 122
Chapter 4 Advances in delayed & controlled release delivery 124
Summary 124
Introduction 125
Types of controlled release systems 125
Sustained release 125
Pulsatile release 125
Modified drug delivery 126
Fast disintegrating technologies 126
Pediatric formulations – ODT 126
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder – ODT 127
Alzheimer’s disease – ODT 128
Parkinson’s disease – ODT 129
Anxiety and panic disorder – ODT 129
Major depressive disorder – ODT 130
Nausea and vomiting – ODT 131
Migraine – ODT 131
Autism – ODT 132
GERD and gastroparesis – ODT 133
Release control mechanisms 135
Zero order 135
Congestive heart failure and hypertension – sustained release 135
Pain – sustained release 138
ADHD – sustained release 141
Multiple sclerosis – sustained release 141
Muscle relaxant – sustained release 142
Parkinson’s disease – sustained release 144
Depression – sustained release 144
Binary 147
Diabetes type 2 – combination products 147
Hypertension – combination products 149
Other 150
Biphasic release of drugs 150
Asthma – biphasic release 151
Pain – biphasic release 151
ADHD – biphasic release 152
Hypertension – biphasic release 152
Positioned 153
Parkinson’s disease – positioned biphasic release 154
Insomnia – positioned biphasic release 155
Spasticity – positioned biphasic release 156
GERD – positioned release 156
Diabetes type 2 – positioned extended release 157
Hot flashes – positioned extended release 157
Pain – positioned extended release 158
GERD – positioned extended release 158
Parkinson’s disease – positioned extended release 158
Others 159
Accelerated 159
Timed 159
Multiple pulse 160
Targeted delivery to the colon 160
Ulcerative colitis, gastroenteritis – targeted colon release 161
Nutraceutical – targeted colon release 162
Polysaccharide colon selective 163
COLAL technology 163
Chrono release 164
Rheumatoid arthritis – chrono release 165
Severe asthma – chrono release 166
Polymyalgia rheumatica – chrono release 166
Insomnia – chrono release 166
Sublingual formulations 167
Formulations to counteract opiate or psychostimulant abuse 167
Trigger-Lock 168
OraGuard 169
NanoDRY and NanoCOAT 170
ORADUR 170
Aversion Technology 171
Egalet ADPREM 172
DETERx 173
Avert 174
Strategic alliances 174
Chapter 5 Advances in oral prodrug delivery 178
Summary 178
Introduction 179
Classification based on site of conversion to active drug 181
Classification based on chemical linkages or promoiety/carriers that attach to
the active drug 182
Classification based on the deficiency in the active drug 183
Classification based on carrier-linked or bioprecursor categories 183
Applications of prodrug technology 185
Reducing side effect profile 185
Introducing site specificity – colon 185
Taste masking applications 186
Marketed products and market share 186
Antiviral prodrugs 186
Oseltamivir 186
Valaciclovir 187
Valganciclovir 189
Famciclovir 190
Anticancer prodrugs 191
TS-1 192
Cardiovascular prodrugs 194
ACE inhibitors 194
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists 194
HMG Co A reductase inhibitors 195
Respiratory prodrugs 195
Bambuterol 195
CNS prodrugs 195
Lisdexamfetamine 195
Late and early stage development product formulations 197
Improving oral bioavailability/reducing toxicity of older marketed injectable drugs 197
Antiviral prodrugs 197
Cidofovir 197
Vidarabine 200
Zanamivir 200
Anticancer prodrugs 201
Triciribine 201
Camptothecin 202
Gemcitabine 204
Docetaxel 206
Methotrexate 208
Aimpila 210
FAP activated ultra-smart prodrug cytotoxic agent 211

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Nanotechnology In Healthcare: Market Outlook For Applications, Tools And Materials, And 40 Company Profiles-Aarkstore Enterprise

This report covers different regional application markets, while evaluating them over the next five years. It provides information about the largest regional markets and factors influencing them, while defining the opportunities they present.

Key features of this report

• •Provides an analysis of market data (revenues) of healthcare nanotechnology applications in North America, Europe, Asia and Rest of World that includes Middle East, Africa, Russia, Latin America and Australia.
• Studies key market drivers and restraints for the main market and evaluation of respective sub segments with respect to market dynamics.
• Discusses drug delivery and formulations, biocompatible implants, regenerative medicine and wound care and diagnostics under the applications market along with related sub segments.

Scope of this report

• Understanding the existing and emerging applications of healthcare nanotechnology and their relative and forecast market sizes
• Understanding the product/technological developments on which the companies are focusing for their growth.
• Understanding the different nanotechnology based tools and their importance in the development of new products and applications

Key Market Issues

• Nanotechnology initiatives by developing countries are helping in the development of new products and applications.
• The delay in commercialization due to strict regulations and manufacturing difficulties is inhibiting product reach.
• Stability of nanoparticles inside the biological tissues is an important issue to be considered to reduce contamination by drugs.
• The development of biodegradable nanostructures will be a growth driver in future since they eliminate the issue of excretion.

Key findings from this report

• The healthcare nanotechnology market growth is largest in North America, at $4.75bn in 2009, followed by Europe at $3.65.
• The nanotechnology drug delivery market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 21.7% for the period 2009-14, to reach almost $16bn by 2014.
• Biocompatible implants and coatings and diagnostics comprise some of the major applications which are estimated to experience high growth between 2009 and 2014, 42% and 21.8% respectively.

Key questions answered

• What are the important healthcare nanotechnology markets and their growth over the period 2009-14?
• What are the major applications that have emerged in different areas such as drug formulations and delivery, biocompatible implants and coatings, regenerative medicines and wound care and diagnostics?
• In which areas are the companies focusing while forming strategic alliances with other industry players?

Table of Contents
Nanotechnology in Healthcare
Executive summary 16
Market overview 16
Healthcare nanotechnology market dynamics 16
Nanomaterials & nanotools for the healthcare market 17
Healthcare nanotechnology application market 18
Company profiles 19
Chapter 1 Market overview 22
Summary 22
Introduction 23
Market definition 23
Healthcare nanotechnology business processes 24
Healthcare nanotechnology applications 24
Healthcare nanotechnology application prospects 25
Opportunity matrix 26
Challenge matrix 28
Patent analysis 29
Chapter 2 Healthcare nanotechnology market dynamics 34
Summary 34
Introduction 35
Regional markets 36
North America 37
Europe 38
Asia 38
RoW 39
Competitive landscape 39
R&D activities by applications 41
New product launches 42
Collaborations & agreements 43
Market drivers 56
Nanotechnology research initiatives in developing nations 56
Innovations are increasing 56
Reduced toxicity 56
Market inhibitors 57
Delay in commercialization 57
Stability and other issues 57
Need for particle evaluation 57
Chapter 3 Nanomaterials & nanotools for the healthcare market 60
Summary 60
Introduction 61
Nanomaterials 61
Nanocapsules 61
Drivers 61
Inhibitors 62
Opportunities 62
Nanoporous materials 63
Drivers 63
Opportunities 63
Quantum dots 63
Drivers 64
Inhibitors 64
Opportunities 64
Nanotubes 65
Drivers 65
Nanowires 65
Drivers 66
Inhibitors 66
Opportunities 66
Dendrimers 67
Drivers 67
Opportunities 68
Monoclonal antibodies 68
Drivers 68
Inhibitors 69
Opportunities 69
Nanocomposites 69
Fullerenes 70
Nanofilms 70
Drivers 71
Inhibitors 71
Opportunities 71
Nanotools 72
Nanoarrays 72
Drivers 72
Inhibitors 73
Opportunities 73
Nanobiochip 74
Drivers 74
Opportunities 75
Nanolithography arrays 75
Drivers 75
Inhibitors 76
Opportunities 76
Computer-assisted drug discovery 77
Nanomass spectrometry 77
Drivers 77
Inhibitors 78
Opportunities 78
Congruent Force Intermolecular Test (nanotype) C-FIT 78
Chapter 4 Healthcare nanotechnology application market 82
Summary 82
Introduction 83
Drug formulation and delivery 83
Formulation 84
Drivers 85
Inhibitors 86
Opportunities 86
Fluorescently encoded microparticles 86
Nanoparticulate formulation/systems 88
Fluoropolymers as material platforms for drug therapy 88
DNA nanoparticle technology to produce DNA drugs 89
Drug profiling using smart materials 90
Supercritical fluids and water based nanomaterials 91
Dendrimer nanotechnology products 92
Potential healthcare nanotechnology drug formulation application 93
Drug delivery 93
Drivers 94
Inhibitors 95
Opportunities 95
Nanoencapsulation using nano-device platform 96
Smart materials for encapsulation 97
Antimicrobial nanoencapsulation 98
Nanoscale cochlear drug delivery 99
Drug delivery using nanoparticles 99
Nanocrystals for drug delivery 102
Drug delivery coatings 103
Nanopores 103
Nanocomposites 104
Nanotransponders 105
Potential applications of healthcare nanotechnology drug delivery 105
Biocompatible implants and coatings 106
Drivers 108
Nanofibers fight immune response 108
Improvement in biocompatibility 108
Optimized coatings 108
Improvement in dental implants 108
Inhibitors 108
Improvement of implant depends upon coatings 108
Possibility of mass poisoning 109
Opportunities 109
Improved brain implants 109
Improvement in process for better coatings 109
Helpful in orthopedic devices 109
Surface modification 109
Device coating 110
Drivers 112
Inhibitors 112
Opportunities 112
Sol-gel coatings 113
Biocompatible nanocoatings 113
Nanoscale plasma coating 113
Light-activated antimicrobials 113
Silver nanoparticles 114
Hydrophobic coatings 114
Multifunctional coatings 114
Anti-fouling nanocoatings 114
Passive hydroxyapatite coating 115
Other protective coatings 115
Implants 116
Drivers 116
Opportunities 117
Potential biocompatible implants applications 117
Life support devices using novel biocompatible polymers 117
Stimulation electrodes using nanotechnology 117
Noninvasive killing of cancer cells using localized heat 118
Artificial vascular grafts 118
Bone graft substitutes 118
Regenerative medicine and wound care 118
Regenerative medicine/tissue engineering 119
Drivers 120
Inhibitors 121
Opportunities 121
Potential applications of regenerative medicines 123
Wound care 124
Drivers 124
Opportunities 125
Nanosilver gels 125
Nanogold gels 125
Diagnostics 126
Drivers 127
Improved bioassays 127
Earlier diagnosis and effective monitoring 127
Opportunities 127
Treatment of ovarian cancer 127
Development of immunoassays 128
Quantum dots applications 128
Nanoemulsions in multimodal molecular imaging and targeted therapeutics 128
Nanoparticles for biochemical applications 129
Magnetic nanoparticles for medical diagnostic imaging 129
Encapsulation of radioactive nanoparticle 129
Genome sequencing 129
Nanobiosensors 130
Nanoarray biochips 130
Silicon-based chips/sensors for pH and pressure 130
Micro- and nano-replication for point-of-use analytical applications 131
Nanocells 131
Redox enzymes 131
Other potential diagnostics applications 132
Smart card diagnostics 132
Novel microfluidic technologies 132
Chapter 5 Company profiles 134
Summary 134
Abraxis BioScience, Inc. 135
Company overview 135
Products and services 135
Company strategy 136
Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 137
Company overview 137
Products and services 137
Company strategy 138
AstraZeneca 138
Company overview 138
Products and services 139
Company strategy 139
AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 139
Company overview 139
Products and services 140
Company strategy 140
Aphios Corp. 140
Company overview 141
Products and services 141
Company strategy 142
Asklepios Biopharmaceutical Inc. 142
Company overview 143
Products and services 143
Company strategy 143
Capsulution Nanoscience AG 144
Company overview 144
Products and services 144
Company strategy 144
ConvaTec 145
Company overview 145
Products and services 145
Company strategy 146
Debiotech 146
Company overview 146
Products and services 146
Company strategy 147
Do-Coop Technologies Ltd. 147
Company overview 147
Products and services 147
Company strategy 148
Elan Corp. 148
Company overview 148
Products and services 148
Company strategy 149
Ferro Corp. 149
Company overview 149
Products and services 150
Company strategy 150
Flamel Technologies 150
Company overview 151
Products and services 151
Company strategy 151
GE Global Research 152
Company overview 152
Company strategy 152
GfE Medizintechnik GmbH 153
Company overview 153
Products and services 153
Company strategy 154
HemCon Medical Technologies, Inc. 154
Company overview 154
Company strategy 155
iCeutica Inc 155
Company overview 155
Products and services 156
Company strategy 156
Liquidia Technologies 157
Company overview 157
Company strategy 157
Luna Innovations Inc. 158
Company overview 158
Products and services 158
Company strategy 159
MagForce Nanotechnologies AG 159
Company overview 160
Products and services 160
Company strategy 161
Merck KGaA 161
Company overview 161
Products and services 162
Company strategy 162
MIV Therapeutics Inc 162
Company overview 163
Products and services 163
Company strategy 163
Nanomix 163
Company overview 164
Products and services 164
Company strategy 164
Nano Interface Technology, Inc 165
Company overview 165
Products and services 165
Company strategy 165
NanoCarrier Co., Ltd. 165
Company overview 166
Products and services 166
Company strategy 166
NanoDel Technologies 167
Company overview 167
Products and services 167
Company strategy 167
NanoHorizons Inc. 168
Company overview 168
Products and services 168
Company strategy 168
Nanoprobes, Inc. 169
Company overview 169
Products and services 169
Company strategy 169
Nanospectra Biosciences Inc. 170
Company overview 170
Products and services 170
Company strategy 170
Nanosphere, Inc. 171
Company overview 171
Products and services 171
Company strategy 172
Novartis AG 172
Company overview 173
Products and services 173
Company strategy 173
Pfizer 173
Company overview 173
Company strategy 174
PharmaSol GmbH 174
Company overview 174
Products and services 174
Company strategy 175
Pioneer Surgical Technology 175
Company overview 175
Products and services 175
Company strategy 176
pSivida 176
Company overview 176
Products and services 176
Company strategy 176
F. Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd. 177
Company overview 177
Products and services 177
Company strategy 177
Siemens Medical Solutions 178
Company overview 178
Products and services 179
Company strategy 179
Smith & Nephew 179
Company overview 179
Products and services 180
Company strategy 180
Starpharma Holdings Ltd. 181
Company overview 181
Products and services 181
Company strategy 182
T2 Biosystems Inc. 183
Company overview 183
Company strategy 183
Appendix 184
Patents 184
Glossary 218

List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Global healthcare nanotechnology market 23
Figure 1.2: Geographical patent share, 2003-08 30
Figure 1.3: Number of patents by region, 2003-09 30
Figure 1.4: Comparison of patent trends, 2004 vs 2009 31
Figure 2.5: Developmental strategies by major players, January 2007–November 2009 40
Figure 2.6: R&D activities by applications, Jan 2007–Nov 2009 41
Figure 2.7: New product launches, Jan 2007–Nov 2009 42
Figure 2.8: Collaborations & agreements by applications, Jan 2007–Nov2009 43
Figure 2.9: Relative importance of features of healthcare nanotechnology 58

List of Tables
Table 2.1: Global healthcare nanotech market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 37
Table 2.2: Mergers & acquisitions in healthcare nanotech market, 2007–09 44
Table 2.3: New product launches in healthcare nanotech market, 2007–09 45
Table 2.4: New product launches in healthcare nanotech market, 2007–09 (ctd) 46
Table 2.5: R&D in healthcare nanotech market, 2007–09 47
Table 2.6: R&D in healthcare nanotech market, 2007–09 (ctd 1) 48
Table 2.7: R&D in healthcare nanotech market, 2007–09 (ctd 2) 49
Table 2.8: R&D in healthcare nanotech market, 2007–09 (ctd 3) 50
Table 2.9: R&D in healthcare nanotech market, 2007–09 (ctd 4) 51
Table 2.10: R&D in healthcare nanotech market, 2007–09 (ctd 5) 52
Table 2.11: R&D in healthcare nanotech market, 2007–09 (ctd 6) 53
Table 2.12: Collaborations & agreements in healthcare nanotech market, 2007–09 54
Table 2.13: Collaborations & agreements in healthcare nanotech market, 2007–09 (ctd) 55
Table 4.14: Global healthcare nanotech drug formulation and delivery market, by product ($m), 2007–14 83
Table 4.15: Global healthcare nanotech drug formulation and delivery market, by geography ($m), 2007–14 84
Table 4.16: Global healthcare nanotechnology drug formulation market, by product ($m), 2007–14 85
Table 4.17: Global healthcare nanotech fluorescently encoded microparticles market, by geography ($m), 2007–14 87
Table 4.18: Global healthcare nanotech nanoparticulate formulation/systems market, by geography ($m), 2007–14 88
Table 4.19: Global healthcare nanotech fluoropolymers material platforms for drug therapy market, by geography ($m), 2007–14 89
Table 4.20: Global healthcare DNA nanoparticle technology to produce DNA drugs market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 90
Table 4.21: Global healthcare nanotech drug profiling using smart materials market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 91
Table 4.22: Global healthcare nanotech supercritical fluids and water based nanomaterials market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 91
Table 4.23: Global dendrimer nanotech products market by geography ($m), 2007-14 92
Table 4.24: Global healthcare nanotech drug delivery market by product ($m), 2007-14 94
Table 4.25: Global healthcare nanoencapsulation using nano-device platform market, by product ($m), 2007-14 96
Table 4.26: Global healthcare nanoencapsulation using nano-device platform market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 97
Table 4.27: Global market for smart materials encapsulating pharmaceuticals, by geography ($m), 2007-14 98
Table 4.28: Global healthcare nanotech antimicrobial nanoencapsulation, by geography ($m), 2007-14 98
Table 4.29: Global healthcare nanotech nanoscale cochlear drug delivery, by geography ($m), 2007-14 99
Table 4.30: Global healthcare nanotech drug delivery using nanoparticles market, by product ($m), 2007-14 100
Table 4.31: Global healthcare nanotech drug delivery using nanoparticles market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 100
Table 4.32: Global drug delivery using nanocrystals market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 102
Table 4.33: Global healthcare nanotech drug delivery coatings market, by geography ($m), 2007- 14 103
Table 4.34: Global healthcare nanopores market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 104
Table 4.35: Global healthcare nanocomposites market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 104
Table 4.36: Global healthcare nanotech nanotransponder market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 105
Table 4.37: Global healthcare nanotech biocompatible implants and coatings market, by products ($m), 2007-14 107
Table 4.38: Global healthcare nanotech biocompatible implants and coatings market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 107
Table 4.39: Global healthcare nanotech surface modification market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 110
Table 4.40: Global healthcare nanotech device coating market, by products ($m), 2007-14 111
Table 4.41: Global healthcare nanotech device coating market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 111
Table 4.42: Global healthcare nanotech implants market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 116
Table 4.43: Global healthcare nanotech regenerative medicine and wound care market, by products
($m), 2007-14 119
Table 4.44: Global healthcare nanotech regenerative medicine market, by product ($m), 2007-14 120
Table 4.45: Global healthcare nanotech wound care market, by products ($m), 2007-14 124
Table 4.46: Global healthcare nanotech diagnostics market, by products ($m), 2007-14 126
Table 4.47: Global healthcare nanotech diagnostics market, by geography ($m), 2007-14 127
Table 0.48: US patents 184
Table 0.49: US patents (ctd 1) 185
Table 0.50: US patents (ctd 2) 186
Table 0.51: US patents (ctd 3) 187
Table 0.52: US patents (ctd 4) 188
Table 0.53: US patents (ctd 5) 189
Table 0.54: US patents (ctd 6) 190
Table 0.55: US patents (ctd 7) 191
Table 0.56: US patents (ctd 192
Table 0.57: US patents (ctd 9) 193
Table 0.58: US patents (ctd 10) 194
Table 0.59: US patents (ctd 11) 195
Table 0.60: US patents (ctd 12) 196
Table 0.61: US patents (ctd 13) 197
Table 0.62: US patents (ctd 14) 198
Table 0.63: US patents (ctd 15) 199
Table 0.64: US patents (ctd 16) 200
Table 0.65: US patents (ctd 17) 201
Table 0.66: US patents (ctd 18) 202
Table 0.67: US patents (ctd 19) 203
Table 0.68: Europe patents 204
Table 0.69: Europe patents (ctd 1) 205
Table 0.70: Europe patents (ctd 2) 206
Table 0.71: Europe patents (ctd 3) 207
Table 0.72: Europe patents (ctd 4) 208
Table 0.73: Europe patents (ctd 5) 209
Table 0.74: Europe patents (ctd 6) 210
Table 0.75: Europe patents (ctd 7) 211
Table 0.76: Europe patents (ctd 212
Table 0.77: Europe patents (ctd 9) 213
Table 0.78: Europe patents (ctd 10) 214
Table 0.79: Europe patents (ctd 11) 215
Table 0.80: Japan patents 216
Table 0.81: Japan patents (ctd 1) 217
 
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